JaneJaneLand

1. Pilgrim and Puritan
*五月花號(Mayflower) 1620

→(The Mayflower was the ship that transported mostly English Puritans and Separatists, collectively known today as the Pilgrims, from Plymouth England to the New World.)

 

*Church of England 英國國教派

(The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Initially prompted by a dispute over the annulment of the marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon, the Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and became the established church by an Act of Parliament in the Act of Supremacy, beginning a series of events known as the English Reformation.)

(movie: The Other Boleyn Girl女人心機)

 

*EPIS(episcopal)聖公會

The Episcopal Church (TEC), also called the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (ECUSA), is a United States-based member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is divided into nine provinces and has dioceses in the U.S., Taiwan, Micronesia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, as well as the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe and the Navajoland Area Mission. The current Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church is Katharine Jefferts Schori, the first female primate in the Anglican Communion.

*pilgrim 朝聖者(分離教派者)

A pilgrim (from the Latin peregrinus) is a traveler who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journeying (often on foot) to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system. 

 

2. Body of Literature
*proposganda (propose 求婚/ pro-: in favor of)
*subversive
*political briefs
X theatrical pieces

 

3. Oral literature鄉土采風
→ Oral literature or folk literature corresponds in the sphere of the spoken (oral) word to literature as literature operates in the domain of the written word. It thus forms a generally more fundamental component of culture, but operates in many ways as one might expect literature to do.

 

4. Spanish colonizers → African slavery

 

*補充時事：Scotland Vote Yes!
Why? → 因為 Scotland 佔有北海原有田 →有錢了!
(England 民主議會)

 

5. New World

(The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas, certain Atlantic and Pacific oceanic islands to which the closest continental shelf is that of the Americas (such as Bermuda), and sometimes Oceania (Australasia). The term originated in the early 16th century after Europeans made landfall in what would later be called "the Americas" in the age of discovery, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the Middle Ages, who had thought of the world as consisting of Africa, Asia, and Europe only, collectively now referred to as the Old World.)

*禁酒令

→清教徒的環境
→釀私酒

 

基於清教徒的背景，美國是西方社會具有最強烈禁酒情緒的國家之一（另一些是北歐國家）。美國禁酒令是依據1919年1月16日批准的美國憲法第十八修正案和1919年10月28日通過的沃爾斯泰德法（Volstead Act）來實行。在1920年1月16日第18憲法修正案生效日開始執行，由聯邦禁酒探員（警察）執法，而推行禁酒令的驅動力，主要來自於共和黨和禁酒黨。在美國，公開飲酒是犯法的，而21歲以上的人才可以買酒（包括啤酒）。亦因此買酒需要出示年齡證明（美國沒有統一的身份證制度），而且只能在限定地方買到（啤酒可以在某些地區的超級市場買到，其他酒類有專門的店舖發售）。

 

(movie: The Great Gatsby)

 

(movie: The Giver)

 

6. Predesting

*命好才扛的住國運___ Sara Sun

 

7. Place
* Jamestown

→源自於 James I
(→找學者翻譯第一本英文聖經)

James I sponsored the translation of the Bible that was named after him: the Authorised King James Version. Sir Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool in Christendom", an epithet associated with his character ever since. Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch.

   

 

*Virginia (不算南邊也不算北邊/菸草商大本營)

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as a former dominion of the English Crown, and "Mother of Presidents" due to the most U.S. presidents having been born there. 

 

8. Anne Bradstreet

Anne Bradstreet was the first poet and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. Her first volume of poetry was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, published in 1650. It was met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World.
→ “The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.”
→ “The Author to Her Book.” (p.119)

 

 

9. Edward Taylor

Edward Taylor was a colonial American poet, pastor and physician.Taylor's poems were an expression of his deeply held religious views, acquired during a strict upbringing and shaped in adulthood by New England Congregationalist Puritans, who developed during the 1630s and 1640s rules far more demanding than those of their co-religionists in England. Alarmed by a perceived lapse in piety, they concluded that professing belief and leading a scandal free life were insufficient for full participation in the local assembly. 

 

10. Freedom of the Will (1754)___ Jonathan Edwards

An Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions of the Freedom of the Will which is Supposed to be Essential to Moral Agency, Virtue and Vice, Reward and Punishment, Praise and Blame or simply The Freedom of the Will, is a work by Christian reformer, theologian, and author Jonathan Edwards which uses the text of Romans 9:16 as its basis. It was first published in 1754 and examines the nature and the status of humanity's will. 

 

 

11. Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was a spokesman for democracy, and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual with worldwide influence.

 

12. Common Sense(常識)

Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776. In clear, simple language it explained the advantages of and the need for immediate independence. 

 

 

13.Benjamin Franklin (good at writing)

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and in many ways was "the First American".A world-renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions.

  

 

14. John Smith

Admiral of New England was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania and his friend Mózes Székely. He was considered to have played an important part in the establishment of the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. He was the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area and New England.

 

 

15. James Madison(當過總統) and John Jay
→ “The Federalist” (*政治系必讀)

The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October of 1787 and August 1788.

  

 

*Glossary (字彙學 Ch22/ p.123)

→legislate(v.)立法，制定(或通過)法律(+for/against)
Definition: If a government legislates, it makes a new law
e.g. They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising.

→judiciary(n.)司法部；司法制度[C]/（總稱）法官[the S]
Definition: the part of a country's government which is responsible for its legal system and which consists of all the judges in the country's courts of law
e.g. The judiciary has/have been consulted.

→ratification(n.)批准；承認
Definition: (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official
e.g. The decision will have to be ratified (= approved) by the executive board.

→veto (n./v.)否決；否決權；否決權的行使[C][U]
Definition: (a) refusal to allow something to be done
e.g. Mum has put a veto on our watching television for more than two hours an evening.

→eminent(a.)(地位，學識等方面)出眾的，卓越的；著名的(+for)
Definition: famous, respected or important
e.g. Churchill was one of the world ' s most eminent statesmen .

→domain(n.)領土，領地；領土權
Definition: an area of interest or an area over which a person has control
e.g. She treated the business as her private domain.

→laissez-faire(ph.)自由放任(指政府對工商業的政策)/放任主義，不干涉主義
Definition: unwillingness to get involved in or influence other people's activities
e.g. The problems began long before he became head teacher, but they worsened with his laissez-faire approach/attitude.

→boycott(v.)聯合抵制；拒絕參加(或購買等)；一致與…絕交
Definition: to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval
e.g. People were urged to boycott the country's products.

→impeachment(n.)控告；檢舉；彈劾；懷疑[U][C]
Definition: to make a formal statement saying that a public official is guilty of a serious offence in connection with their job, especially in the US
e.g. The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career .

→appropriation(n.) 撥付，撥發[U](+for)
Definition: when you take something for your own use, usually without permission
e.g. The author objected to the appropriation of his story by an amateur film maker.

→referendum(n.)公民投票/(外交使節致本國政府的)請示書
Definition: a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question
e.g. Is it more democratic to hold a referendum, rather than let the government alone decide?

→congress(n.) (正式)會議；代表大會[C][U]/ 立法機關
Definition: a large formal meeting of representatives from countries or societies at which ideas are discussed and information is exchanged
e.g. an international/medical congress

→gerrymandering(n.)不公正地劃分選區；弄虛作假，謀取私利
Definition: when someone in authority changes the borders of an area in order to increase the number of people within that area who will vote for a particular party or person
e.g. The boundary changes were denounced as blatant gerrymandering.

→lame duck  無能力的人(組織或事物); 不中用的人(或物)/ (任期將滿的)官員
Definition: an unsuccessful person or thing
e.g. The government should not waste money supporting lame ducks.

→red herring  轉移注意力的事情(或言語等)
Definition: a fact, idea or subject that takes people's attention away from the central point being considered
e.g. The police investigated many clues, but they were all red herrings.